ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 47/2: 121-128, 2005

Organogenesis in Endosperm of Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward 
Cultured In Vitro 

Grzegorz Góralski1*, Marzena Popielarska1, Halina Ślesak1, Dorota Siwińska2, and Mariola Batycka1

1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University,
 ul. Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków, Poland
2Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellonska
26/28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland

*e-mail: g.goralski@iphils.uj.edu.pl

Received April 20, 2005; revision accepted July 25, 2005

An efficient procedure for shoot regeneration was obtained by endosperm culture in Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward. Mature endosperm cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 5 mg/l kinetin developed callus with 80% efficiency. Callus was transferred on MS medium containing different plant growth regulators (2,4-D, TDZ, IAA, NAA, BAP, kinetin, 2iP) for regeneration. There were significant differences in regeneration response between medium supplemented with TDZ and medium with other hormones. Only medium containing TDZ stimulated shoot induction. The highest efficiency of shoot regeneration (avg. 6.2 shoots per culture) was on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l TDZ. The ploidy of callus and organs formed in endosperm culture was examined by flow cytometry. The results, peaks corresponding to 3C DNA amounts, confirmed the endospermal origin of callus, roots and shoots. Aneuploid and polyploid cells were found in endosperm-derived callus and regenerated organs. 

Key words: Actinidia, endosperm culture, regeneration, tissue culture, ploidy. 

Abbreviations: MS – Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium; 2,4-D – 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; TDZ – 1-Phenyl-3-(1, 2, 3- thiadiazol-5-yl) urea; IAA – Indole-3-acetic acid; IBA – 3-indolebutyric acid, NAA – alpha-Naphthaleneacetic acid; BAP – 6-Benzylaminopurine; 2iP – 6-(gamma, gamma-dimethylallylamino) purine.